Description

• CLA has several unique structural and functional properties resulting in chemical and physiological effects that are different from those of all-cis, nonconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids.
• CLA feeding produces a rapid, marked decrease in fat accumulation, and an increase in protein accumulation, at relatively low doses without any major effects on food intake.
• CLA significantly reduced energy intake, growth rate, and adipose depot weight. Overall, the reduction of adipose depot weight ranged from 43 to 88%, with the retroperitoneal depot most sensitive to CLA.
• The effects of CLA on body composition appear to be due in part to reduced fat deposition and increased lipolysis in adipocytes, possibly coupled with enhanced fatty acid oxidation in both muscle cells and adipocytes.
• CLA is reported to have effects on both tumor development and body fat in animal models.
• CLA has also received considerable attention as a chemoprotective agent in the past few years because it has been shown experimentally to inhibit rat mammary tumorigenesis, mouse forestomach neoplasia, and mouse skin carcinogenesis.
• CLA is unique because it is present in food from animal sources, and its anticancer efficacy is expressed at concentrations close to human consumption levels.
• chromium has been reported to increase lean body mass and decrease percentage body fat, which may lead to weight loss in humans.

References

1. The role of conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat and preventing holiday weight gain.
   Watras AC, et al.
   Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Aug 22; [Epub ahead of print]
2. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humans.
   Gaullier JM, et al.
   J Nutr. 2005 Apr;135(4):778-84.
3. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory trial of chromium picolinate in atypical depression: effect on carbohydrate craving.
   Docherty JP, et al
   J Psychiatr Pract. 2005 Sep;11(5):302-14.
4. Safety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humans.
   Whigham LD, O'Shea M, Mohede IC, Walaski HP, Atkinson RL.
   Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Oct;42(10):1701-9.
5. The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, t10c12-CLA, is inversely associated with changes in body weight and serum leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
   Belury MA, Mahon A, Banni S.
   J Nutr 2003 Jan;133(1):257S-260S
6. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by conjugated linoleic Acid: potential mechanisms of action.
   Belury MA.
   J Nutr 2002 Oct;132(10):2995-8
7. The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects.
   Noone EJ, Roche HM, Nugent AP, Gibney MJ.
   Br J Nutr 2002 Sep;88(3):243-51
8. Isomer-specific effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on adiposity and lipid metabolism.
   Evans M, Brown J, McIntosh M.
   J Nutr Biochem 2002 Sep;13(9):508
9. DIETARY CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID IN HEALTH: Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action.
   Belury MA.
   Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:505-31
10. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers differ in their free radical scavenging properties.
    Yu L, Adams D, Gabel M.
    J Agric Food Chem 2002 Jul 3;50(14):4135-40
11. Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients.
    Rabinovitz H, Friedensohn A, Leibovitz A, Gabay G, Rocas C, Habot B.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 May;74(3):178-82.
12. A scientific review: the role of chromium in insulin resistance.
    Diabetes Educ. 2004;Suppl:2-14.
    [No authors listed]
13. Chromium, exercise, and body composition.
    Kobla HV, Volpe SL
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2000 Jul;40(4):291-308  

    (References searched and cited from National Library of Medicine-PubMed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/ )

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